ÖZET
Kanser, dünya genelinde ölüm oranı oldukça yüksek olan bir hastalıktır. Üstelik bu oran her geçen gün yükselmektedir. Öyle ki, 2030 yılına kadar dünyada görülen en yaygın ölüm nedeni olan kardiyovasküler hastalıkları geride bırakarak birinci sıraya yükselmesi beklenmektedir. Günümüzde kanserin ikinci en yaygın ölüm nedeni olduğu bilinmektedir. Kanser süreci ve tedavisi hayat kalitesini düşürmektedir. Bu süreci iyileştirmek adına, günümüzde yapılan çalışmalarda, kolorektal kanser başta olmak üzere bazı kanser türlerinde probiyotiklerin etkisi incelenmektedir. Probiyotiklerin kanseri önlemede ve kanser tedavisinde olumlu sonuçlar verdiğine dair çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Ancak, bağışıklığı çok zayıf olan hastalarda infeksiyona neden olabileceği gibi sebepler öne sürülerek kullanılmaması gerektiğini savunan çalışmalar da mevcuttur. Probiyotiklerin antitümör özelliklerine dair mekanizmalar, henüz tam anlamıyla açıklanamamıştır. Merkezinde barsak mikrobiyotasının bulunduğu bazı yolaklarla ilişkilendirilmektedir. Probiyotiklerin kanser üzerine olan etkilerinin doza, suşa ve türe bağlı olduğu görüşü, genel bir sonuç olarak kabul edilmektedir. Ayrıca, probiyotiklerin istenilen etkiyi sağlayabilmeleri için düzenli bir şekilde tüketilmesi ve tüketilen ürünün minimum mikroorganizma sayısını (yaklaşık olarak 100 g/gün) içermesi gerekmektedir. Bu derlemede, kanserli bireyler üzerindeki olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri hala tartışılmakta olan probiyotiklerin farklı kanser türleri üzerine etkileri güncel literatür ışığında sunulmaktır.
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