ÖZET
İlk olarak 2019 yılı sonunda Çin’in Wuhan şehrinde bir viral pnömoni olarak başlayan ve şimdi Covid-19 olarak bilinmekte olan salgın, hızlıca dünyanın hemen her tarafına yayılarak Mart 2020?de pandemi niteliği kazanmıştır. Doğal veya insan eliyle gerçekleştirilen afetlerde başta travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, majör depresyon, anksiyete ve uyku bozuklukları olmak üzere psikiyatrik belirti ve sendromların yüksek prevalans değerlerine ulaştığı iyi bilinmektedir. Özellikle mortalite oranlarının yüksek olduğu enfeksiyon hastalığı epidemilerinde hastalar, karantinaya alınanlar ve bütün toplum çok yoğun bir ruhsal stres ve travma yaşarlar. Ebola, şiddetli akut solunumsal sendrom (SARS) veya COVİD-19 gibi yüksek düzeyde ölümcül bir hastalıkla yüzyüze gelmek durumunda psikolojik distressten kaçınabilmeyi hayal etmek çok güçtür. Pandemiler hızlı ve global bir felakete dönüşürken, ruhsal sorunların prevalans değerleri daha da yüksek düzeylere ulaşmaktadır. Ruhsal bozukluklarla mücadele sadece psikolojik iyi oluşu sağlamakla kalmaz, bu bozukluklar salgın hastalıkla savaş çabalarını da geciktirebildiği için epideminin gidişini de etkiler. Salgın sırasında çalışmanın stres ve travmasının bir sonucu olarak sağlık çalışanlarında ruh sağlığı yakınmaları artar. Çalışmalar SARS salgını sırasında sağlık çalışanlarının yaklaşık beşte birinde “belirgin ruhsal bozukluklar” görüldüğünü bildirmektedir. Ruhsal bozukluk gelişen tıp profesyonelleri daha az üretken olacaklarından bu da epidemiyle mücadelenin zayıflamasına yol açacaktır. Bu yüzden özellikle sağlık çalışanlarının desteklenmesi önem arzetmektedir. COVİD-19 salgını görece yeni bir felaket olduğundan henüz epidemiyolojik çalışma sonuçları yeterince yayımlanmış değildir. Ancak SARS ve Ebola gibi virüslerin neden olduğu ciddi düzeydeki salgınlarla ilgili sonuçlar daha önce yayımlanmıştı. Bu derlemede, ağırlıklı olarak önceki virüs epidemilerinde yapılmış çalışma sonuçları ışığında COVİD-19 sonrası beklenen psikiyatrik morbidite ile ilgili bilgiler gözden geçirilmektedir.
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