ÖZET
Bilim insanları Golgi apparatusu (GA) ile Camillo Golgi tarafından 1898 yılında “sitoplazmik retiküler bir ağ” olarak keşfedildiği 1898 yılında tanıştılar. Araştırmacılar Camillo Golgi’nin ismini sadece GA’dan dolayı değil, Golgi gümüş impregnasyon teknikleri, Golgi tip 1 ve 2 hücreler, beyinciğin Golgi hücreleri, Golgi tendon organı gibi pek çok tanımlama ile duydular. Aslında GA bu bilim insanının ismini taşıyor olsa da kendisinden önce, eş zamanlı olarak veya sonra pek çok bilim insanı bu benzersiz organelin morfolojik ve fonksiyonel özellikleri ile ilgili sayısız çalışma yaptılar. Eski zamanların basit teknik olanaklarna rağmen minnetle andığımız bilim insanları, GA ile ilgili muhteşem bulgular elde ederek bilim dünyasına hediye ettiler. Bu derleme niteliğindeki kısa yazıda GA’nın keşfinden başlamak üzere takip eden tarihsel gelişmeler özetlenmiştir.
References
1
Golgi C. The impossible interview with the man of the hidden biological structures. Interview by Paolo Mazzarello. J Hist Neurosci 2006;15:318-25.
2
Raju TN. The Nobel chronicles. 1901: Emil Adolf von Behring (1854-1917). Lancet 1998;352:75.
3
Mazzarello P, Garbarino C, Calligaro A. How Camillo Golgi became “the Golgi”. FEBS Lett 2009;583:3732-7.
4
Dröscher A. Camillo Golgi and the discovery of the Golgi apparatus. Histochem Cell Biol 1998;109:425-30.
5
Mazzarello P, Calligaro A, Vannini V, Muscatello U. The sarcoplasmic reticulum: its discovery and rediscovery. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2003;4:69-74.
6
Golgi C. On the structure of the nerve cells of the spinal ganglia. 1898. J Microsc 1989;155:9-14.
7
Golgi C. On the structure of nerve cells. 1898. J Microsc 1989;155:3-7.
8
Mazzarello P, Bentivoglio M. The centenarian Golgi apparatus. Nature 1998;392:543-4.
9
Pensa A. Sopra una fina particolarità di struttura di alcune cellule dele capsule soprarenali. Bollettino della Società Medico-Chirurgica di Pavia 1899: 76–85.
10
Negri A. Di una fina particolarità di struttura delle cellule di alcune ghiandole dei mammiferi. Bollettino della Società Medico-Chirurgica di Pavia 1900: 61–70.
11
Gemelli E. Contributo alla conoscenza sulla struttura della ghiandola pituitaria nei mammiferi. Bollettino della Società Medico-Chirurgica di Pavia 1900; 231–40.
12
Golgi C. Di un metodo per la facile e pronta dimostrazione dell’apparato reticolare interno delle cellule nervose. Bollettino della Società Medico-Chirurgica di Pavia 1908; 81-7.
13
Golgi C. Sur une fine particularite´ de la structure de l’e´pithe´lium de la muqueuse gastrique et intestinale de quelques verte´bre´s. Arch Ital Biol 1909;51:213-45.
14
D’Agata G. Sulle modificazioni dell’apparato reticolare interno nell’epitelio della mucosa gastrica. Bollettino della Società Medico-Chirurgica di Pavia 1910; 517-22.
15
Trautmann JC. Camillo Golgi (1843–1926) und die Entdeckung des ‘‘apparato reticolare interno” Golgi-Apparat (Dissertation). Lübeck; 1988.
16
Bentivoglio M, Mazzarello P. The pathway to the cell and its organelles: one hundred years of the Golgi apparatus. Endeavour 1998;22:101-5.
17
Dröscher A. The history of the Golgi apparatus in neurones from its discovery in 1898 to electron microscopy. Brain Res Bull 1998;47:199-203.
18
Palade GE, Claude A. The nature of the Golgi apparatus; identification of the Golgi apparatus with a complex of myelin figures. J Morphol 1949;85:71-111.
19
Palade GE, Claude A. The nature of the Golgi apparatus; parallelism between intercellular myelin figures and Golgi apparatus in somatic cells. J Morphol 1949;85:35-69.
20
Pease DC, Baker RF. Electron microscopy of nervous tissue. Anat Rec 1951;110:505-29.
21
Dalton AJ, Felix MD. Cytologic and cytochemical characteristics of the Golgi substance of epithelial cells of the epididymis in situ, in homogenates and after isolation. Am J Anat 1954;94:171-207.
22
Farquhar MG, Palade GE. The Golgi apparatus: 100 years of progress and controversy. Trends Cell Biol 1998;8:2-10.
23
Palade G. Intracellular aspects of the process of protein synthesis. Science. 1975;189:347-58.
24
Fleischer B, Fleischer S, Ozawa H. Isolation and characterization of Golgi membranes from bovine liver. J Cell Biol 1969;43:59-79.
25
Morre J, Merlin LM, Keenan TW. Localization of glycosyl transferase activities in a Golgi apparatus-rich fraction isolated from rat liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1969;37:813-9.
26
Neutra M, Leblond CP. Synthesis of the carbohydrate of mucus in the golgi complex as shown by electron microscope radioautography of goblet cells from rats injected with glucose-H3. J Cell Biol 1966;30:119-36.
27
Godman GC, Lane N. On The Site Of Sulfation In The Chondrocyte. J Cell Biol 1964;21:353-66.
28
Jamieson JD, Palade GE. Synthesis, intracellular transport, and discharge of secretory proteins in stimulated pancreatic exocrine cells. J Cell Biol 1971;50:135-58.
29
Kern HF, Jamieson JD, Palade GE. Der Einfluss von Kobaltchlorid auf den Sekretionsprozess der exokrinen Pankreaszelle [Effect of cobalt chloride on secretory process of the exocrine pancreatic cell]. Verh Anat Ges 1972;67:501-5.
30
Tartakoff AM, Jamieson JD, Scheele GA, Palade GE. Studies on the pancreas of the guinea pig. Parallel processing and discharge of exocrine proteins. J Biol Chem 1975;250:2671-7.
31
Sly WS. Receptor-mediated transport of acid hydrolases to lysosomes. Curr Top Cell Regul 1985;26:27-38.
32
Willingham MC, Pastan IH, Sahagian GG, Jourdian GW, Neufeld EF. Morphologic study of the internalization of a lysosomal enzyme by the mannose 6-phosphate receptor in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1981;78:6967-71.
33
Gabel CA, Goldberg DE, Kornfeld S. Identification and characterization of cells deficient in the mannose 6-phosphate receptor: evidence for an alternate pathway for lysosomal enzyme targeting. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1983;80:775-9.
34
Gabel CA, Goldberg DE, Kornfeld S. Lysosomal enzyme oligosaccharide phosphorylation in mouse lymphoma cells: specificity and kinetics of binding to the mannose 6-phosphate receptor in vivo. J Cell Biol 1982;95:536-42.
35
Rothman JE. The Golgi apparatus: roles for distinct ‘cis’ and ‘trans’ compartments. Ciba Found Symp 1982;(92):120-37.
36
Dunphy WG, Fries E, Urbani LJ, Rothman JE. Early and late functions associated with the Golgi apparatus reside in distinct compartments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1981;78:7453-7.
37
Rothman JE, Miller RL, Urbani LJ. Intercompartmental transport in the Golgi complex is a dissociative process: facile transfer of membrane protein between two Golgi populations. J Cell Biol 1984;99:260-71.
38
Polishchuk EV, Polishchuk RS. Analysis of Golgi complex function using correlative light-electron microscopy. Methods Cell Biol 2013;118:243-58.
39
Eşrefoğlu M. Golgi apparatus: Morphology and function with recent facts. Bezmialem Science 2019;7:331-8.
40
Besta C. Sull’apparato reticolare interno (apparato di Golgi) della cellula nervosa. Anatomischer Anzeiger 1910;36:476–86.
41
Nusbaum J. Ueber den sogenannten inneren Golgischen Netzapparat und sein Verha¨ltnis zu den Mitochondrien, Chromidien und andern Zellstrukturen im Tierreich zusammenfassendes. Referat Arch Zellforsch 1913;10:359 –67.
42
Dalton AJ, Felix MD. comparative study of the Golgi complex. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1956;2:79-84.
43
Fabene PF, Bentivoglio M. 1898-1998: Camillo Golgi and “the Golgi”: one hundred years of terminological clones. Brain Res Bull 1998;47:195-8.
